The Relationship Between Man and Woman in Araby - 1035 Words

Araby James Joyce, an icon of the modernist era had many works that were moving away from the classical styles of literature put before him. Joyce is known for leading his characters towards some kind of personal insight and on the surface, Araby seems to be only about a boy learning about the truth of capitalism. As you dive deep in to his words and meaning however, it is apparent that Joyce’s message is not as black and white as it appears on the surface. This story is also about the relationship between men and women. It is about how women are capable of influencing a man’s actions/behaviors and why men feel as if they need to exert their â€Å"dominance† over women. Joyce purposely makes the protagonist a young boy who chases after an†¦show more content†¦These are words describing a feeling that this boy will never again want to feel. He realizes that he has opened himself up to be hurt and he was undeniably crushed by his inability to get something that would please the girl his heart yearns for. Joyce was a master of idioms and word choice. He was easily one of the great writers of his time and will always be recognized as such. He is known for writing about how stages in life affect a person as a whole and Araby is no different. Being a great writer of his time he is also a creation of the era he lived in. During his life men believed that they were superior to women, that woman were weak and that they needed a man to support them. It was believed that women were home to weak emotions and men only had time for strong ones making them better than women. To say that Joyce wrote a story in which he acknowledges that women have some kind upper hand on men may seem inept but he does a good job of answering why men behaved and felt this way. His reason is that men cannot cope with these â€Å"weak† emotions so they shut them out. The boy in the story â€Å"Araby† is met with his first heartbreak due to the fact that he can’t please the girl that he so despera tely desires and immediately becomes this inhuman creature full of anguish. In a time where men are supposed to be the bread-winners; strong confident figures that controls their household, these feelings are unacceptable. It is why men must exhibit nothing but â€Å"strong†Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyces The Dead And Araby1651 Words   |  7 Pagesreputation of a confident man. Therefore, he creates a script allowing him to have a sense control and comfort which he lacks. In Contrast, the little boy perceives himself to be self-assured and sociable when in reality these ideas are inflicted by his imagination. James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead† and â€Å"Araby† features characters who struggle with internal emotions, revealing their alienation, separation with society, and journey toward self-discovery. The little boy in â€Å"Araby† lives in a self-created fantasyRead MoreParalysis In James Joyces Dubliners1086 Words   |  5 PagesIntelligible than Finnegan’s Wake: Dubliners Essay â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the question.† Hamlet’s famous quotation implies only two solutions: to be, or to not be. However, there is another option that Shakespeare never explored: to remain paralyzed between the two states, unable to commit to either. James Joyce’s Dubliners is a collection of short stories first published in 1914, that follows the inhabitants of Ireland. Published nearly a half a century before the Republic of Ireland would be recognizedRead MoreThe Stages of Maturation in James Joyce’s Araby John Updikes AP from the Authors Perspective902 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing the views of both James Joyce and John Updike on maturation from adolescence to adulthood it will be important to continually compare two of their similar works in Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and Updike’s â€Å"AP†. James Joyce and John Updike follow similar views with the latter using Joyce as a foundation and following in similar fo otsteps; both authors follow a process of maturation based on the allure of love, while doing it at different stages of each of the protagonists’ lives resulting in similarRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby Essay2018 Words   |  9 Pagesin the early 20th century. Joyce was the writer of â€Å"Araby†. A stoty published in 1914, in which the writer preserves an episode of his life, more specific when he a young twelve years old boy. But was does the word â€Å"Araby† means? According to diccionaty.com, â€Å"Araby† is an archaic or poetic name for Arabia. In addition, the story is about a boy who falls in love with a woman, she is the sister of one of the boy’s classmates. The name of the woman is never revealed in the story. Throughout the storyRead MoreReview Of The Of A Bad Romance By James Joyce And Ethan Frome By Edith Wharton Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagesobsession, it can be thought that the characters in â€Å"Araby† by Ja mes Joyce and Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton developed a case of obsessive love disorder. Obsessive love disorder is an extreme form of love that turns into an obsession over time, but sometimes, it could never have started from love at all. In â€Å"Araby,† we are introduced to a main character that, for the first time, has the opportunity to impress the girl he is in love with by going to Araby, a local bazaar. In his case, his obsessive loveRead MoreIrony in the Story of an Hour and Araby2929 Words   |  12 Pagesof the stories in Dubliners consists of a portrait in which Dublin contributes to the dehumanizing experience of modem life. The boy in the story Araby is intensely subject to the citys dark, hopeless conformity, and his tragic yearning toward the exotic in the face of drab, ugly reality forms the center of the story. On its simplest level, Araby is a story about a boys first love. On a deeper level, however, it is a story about the world in which he lives a world inimical to ideals and dreamsRead MoreThe Search for Truth or Meaning in James Joyces Dubliners1788 Words   |  8 PagesThe Search for Truth or Meaning in Dubliners       Several of James Joyces stories in Dubliners can read as lamentations on a frustrating inability of man to represent meaning by external means, including written word. When characters in Araby, Counterparts, and A Painful Case attempt to represent or signify themselves, other characters, or abstract spiritual entities with or through words, they not only fail, but end up emotionally ruined. Moreover, the inconclusive endings of the threeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Nameless Boy 3175 Words   |  13 PagesS.S.S #1 (Araby) There is a force so powerful that it can control lives, this force is love. In the short story Araby, the nameless boy has fallen in love for an unnamed girl, who is Mangan’s sister, after moving to Dublin, Ireland. Each morning the boy will watch her through the front window in the parlour and quickly grab his books to walk behind her ,through their dull village, all the way to the point at which their paths diverge. Araby is about a young boy whom is not named who moves intoRead MoreImpact Of Indian Folk Drama985 Words   |  4 Pagesconception of life which differentiates between body and soul. He wants to convey that even the transposition of heads will not liberate the protagonists from the psychological limits posed by nature. Both the Vetal Panchavimshati and Somdeva’s Brihtkatha Saritsagara basically retell the same tale of the transposition of the heads. Only certain characters and places have been given fresh names in the latter. In both these folktales, there is a woman, her husband and her brother and the transpositionRead More Triangular Structure in James Joyces Dubliners1970 Words   |  8 Pagesits primary psychological concern. This complex, concentric network of three-sided narrative strategies can be evidenced through an analysis of three individual epicleti, one drawn from each life stage. Among the three tales of childhood, Araby is clearly most exemplary of the structural patterns described above; the majority of the story is thick with the boys desire, his desperate longing for an unnamed girl. True to his place among the volumes representative young protagonists, the

The Things They Carried Essay - 1838 Words

Christian Hernandez Professor Sarah Cantrell English 1102 â€Å"The Things They Carried†: Emotional side The story of The Things They Carried written by Tim O’Brien gives a good outlook on how the Soldiers feel and think during the war . The story describes the different things that the soldiers carry with them while at war. O’Brien talks about the different items in great detail such as weight, color, shape and size but he also gives extraordinary details about not only their personalities, but even more about their emotions with the personal things they carried with them. Every single object that the men carry when they go to war plays an emotional touch in their lives. There are certain things that they carried†¦show more content†¦I keep that in my pocket, just to get me through.† (Koppel 2003). â€Å"Ive got a teddy bear my wife sent to me for Valentines Day, a big man with a soft voice says, sharing the lucky charm that he keeps safe from the sand in a zip-lock bag. The little brown bear holds a heart stitched with gold xs and os. Hugs and kisses, the soldier says, as trucks gear up in the desert beside him† (Koppel 2003). Not only Lieutenant Cross or the soldiers in the story â€Å"The Things They Carried† share these similarities but perhaps all the soldiers in the world share it when it comes to emotional feelings related with a personal thing. They take these memorable and meaningful things with them that perhaps for some people is nothing big, but for them, it is basically their life and like a fellow soldier mention, just to get them through. Not only have those things played an emotional feeling in the soldiers live but also a little bit of their background. Out of all the sacrifices that the soldiers make, the cultural side also plays a huge part. They have to do things that they are not used to such as taking a shower with cold water or even not taking a shower for days. Also, eating can food or different types of food that they are not familiar with. O’Brian takes you to a whole new level when he describes the necessary things they carry â€Å" Among the necessities orShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried in the Things They Carried1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† by Tim O’Brien In â€Å"The Things They Carried,† by Tim O’Brien the theme of â€Å"carrying† both physical and emotional objects by the main characters can be found in the novel. While these men carry the same standard physical army gear, they differentiate with personal tangible and intangible items. From Lieutenant Cross’s responsibility of his men, to Henry Dobbin’s girlfriend’s pantyhose for its magic, each man faced the war with these things attachedRead MoreThe Things They Carried880 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien the author tells about his experiences in the Vietnam war by telling various war stories. The quote, It has been said of war that it is a world where the past has a strong grip on the present, where machines seemed sometimes to have more will power than me, where nice boys (girls) were attracted to them, where bodies ruptured and burned and stand, where the evil thing trying to kill you could look d isconnecting human and where except in your imaginationRead MoreThings They Carried1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried Report â€Å"The Things They Carried† was a story about soldiers caught in the confusion of the Vietnam War. There are a lot of apparent themes that are dealt with when writing a story about war, especially about death. I enjoyed reading this story; however there were some things about it that I was concerned about. I would like to discuss the author’s style of writing, his meaning of the title â€Å"The Things They Carried† and the way the author and his characters deal with deathRead More Things They Carried Essay: Strength in The Things They Carried980 Words   |  4 PagesStrength in The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everybody has to deal with adversity at some point in their lives. The adversity that they go through varies from person to person. For First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, he had to make it through the Vietnam War alive. In the short story, The Things They Carried, where Cross draws his strength from is somewhat unclear. He seems strong at the beginning of the story, but then again, he also seems to be gaining strength towards the end of the story. ThisRead MoreThe Things They Carried1417 Words   |  6 PagesSpring Book Review In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien tells the tale of not about war, but rather about war’s effect on one’s mentality. Ultimately, this novel is built on a foundation of the items that the soldiers of the Vietnam War carried. Whether it was the way Jimmy Cross uses the pebble to escape from his duties as a soldier or when Norman Bowker realizes that courage comes form within, not from receiving a Silver Star; O’Brien uses baggage as a symbol throughout the book to teachRead MoreThe Things They Carried2220 Words   |  9 Pagesand all you can do is whimper and wait.† (211) This passage has great meaning to how the soldiers felt toward one another. They did not have friends but they all knew how everyone felt because they were all simultaneously going through the same thing at the same time. The passage fits great in this novel because it gives great detail and imagery on how the characters Azar and Bobby Jorgenson felt toward one another. Strong relationships were developed and felt almost as if they were all one personRead MoreThings They Carried2289 Words   |  10 PagesTim OBrien does a fantastic job of blurring the lines of what is true and what is fiction in The Things They Carried. In fact, he often points out that he has made entire stories up, after the fact. He defends his decisions by proposing that what he has done is, in fact, not lie, but rather tell a story-truth. He argues that his reason for doing this is to bring the story to life more than it could live through the happening-truth. I want you to feel what I felt. I want you to kno w why story-truthRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1624 Words   |  7 PagesFor the seventeen Soldiers portrayed in â€Å"The Things We Carried† by Tim O’Brien, the physical pain was very minimal weight to carry compared to the emotional scars that they will carry throughout their entire life. This story does an amazing job portraying full human emotion that anyone put into a situation would feel, such as heavy guilt, sadness, anger, lack of motivation, perseverance, horror, and false security. All of these are notorious feelings that every soldier back in history, and now stillRead MoreEssay on The Things They Carried515 Words   |  3 PagesThe Things They Carried The Things They Carried, by Tim OBrien, is a generalization of his own experiences in Vietnam although the story itself is a work of fiction there is still much to be learned from it. Through the actions of soldiers in The Things They Carried we can begin to explore the effect war has on the human condition and the toll it plays on their minds. Some of the themes in the book, The Things They Carried, are bravery and what true bravery is, truth and how the manipulationRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe text, ‘The Things They Carried, is an excellent example which reveals how individuals are changed for the worse through their first hand experience of war. Following the lives of the men both during and after the war in a series of short stories, the impact of the war is accurately portrayed, and provides a rare insight into the guilt stricken minds of soldiers. ‘The Things They Carried shows the impact of the war in its many forms: the suicide of an ex-soldier upon his return home; the lessening

Decision Making Process for Jimmy Possum Furniture - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDecision Making Process for Jimmy Possum Furniture Company. Answer: Introduction This report reflects the key understanding on the Decision making process Jimmy Possum Furniture Company. This company is developed by two family people after having business experience from different organization. In this report, study has been conducted on the diction making process and its impact on the business. There are several internal and external factors which should be undertaken by organization before taking business decision. Effective Decision making Contributed for the Success of Jimmy Possum Furniture Company Decision making is the process to select the best alternative out of available options. It is observed that business man is the key person who takes all the strategic decisions for the betterment of organization. Jimmy Possum Furniture Company has made strategic decisions as per the clients needs and demand in determined approach. All the furnitures and other stocks offered by Jimmy Possum Furniture Company to its clients are customized by the company on basis of clients needs and demand. This level of changes made by Margot and Alan Spalding are the key managerial persons of Jimmy Possum Furniture Company who took all the strategic decisions. After adopting customization strategic plans has resulted to increase in overall turnover and brand image of company. Therefore, it could be inferred that all the strategic decisions taken by Margot and Alan Spalding are the key pillar for the success of organization. These decisions taken by Margot and Alan Spalding for the Jimmy Possum Furnit ure Company has resulted to attraction of clients towards the furniture offered by company to its clients. In addition to this, Margot also indulged in hiring women experts who will help organization to customize its goods and services for the better satisfaction of clients. This could be inferred that decision taken by Margot to hire women employees is the best decision for the betterment of organization (Triennia, Cagno and Farn, 2016). Decision to Branch out from manufacturing into Retailing and Decision making Process It is considered that development of successful business enterprises required major decisions. Jimmy Possum Furniture Company is indulged in manufacturing furnitures and other wooden structure for providing best quality of furniture to its clients. However, Jimmy Possum furniture company with a view to expand its value chain activities, integrated its business to further level and developed more units by opening more joint ventures and retails stores. These retail stores are opened to establish direct connectivity to its clients for their better satisfactions (Aravopoulou and Malone, 2016). The decision of Jimmy Possum furniture company was taken by Margo and Alan by undertaking proper decision making process, starting with the analyzing the need of opening of retails stores, assessing the clients needs and their demand, formulation of strategic plans to open retails stores, implementation of formulated plans and follow up process to mitigate the found problems (Aioli, et al. 2014). Most Important Criteria to Spalding for making Effective Future for Company With the ramified economic changes, many business organizations are coming up with their unique strategic plans to sell their furniture products and services to clients. The main reason to Spalding for making effective future for Jimmy Possum Furniture Company was based on the increasing cut throat competition and other rivals unique offering to attract clients (Elbanna, Thanos and Papadakis, 2014). However, it is observed that Jimmy Possum Furniture Company has increased its overall revenue by more than 800% as compared to its last six year revenue. This has shown that furniture market has great amount of potential and reflecting high amount of profit to organization. If Jimmy Possum furniture company could establish more retails stores to connect with the clients then it could increase its overall sales by 200 % in just one years (Hunink, et al. 2014). Condition of Uncertainty or Risk for Jimmy Possum Furniture Company There are several factors and conditions which poses high amount of threats and uncertainty to organization. It is observed that furniture business is showing amount of growth in this industry. Therefore, it might be possible that other new entrants could start this business to create good amount of profit. Furthermore, it is considered that macro factors such as purchasing power of clients, new entrants in market, economic conditions and sluggish market behavior are the major factors that could pose high amount of threats to Jimmy Possum furniture company and its business functioning. In addition to this, Jimmy Possum Furniture Company has won several award functions and events for its business on domestic and international levels. In addition to this, Margot has adopted new business organizational culture by hiring more women employees in its value chain activities (Smith, 2014). The most important thing is related to the integrity of Margot to run business. She gave her best to ru n Jimmy Possum Furniture Company in effective manner and provide best quality of goods and services to clients. However, due to changing Australian policies and economic conditions, it may be possible that Jimmy Possum Furniture Company would have to face high amount of threats from the new entrants in market and decrease overall profit of the company. Risk of Jimmy Possum Furniture Company could be related to changes in economic conditions, marketed behavior, and clients inclination towards buying furnitures from Jimmy Possum furniture company (Prez, et al. 2014). Spalding could Learn from Experience from other Organizations There are several other organizations that are selling handmade furnitures and other stocks for the clients in Australia (Goethe and Davis, 2014). It is evaluated that Spalding is related to the breaking down of the organization or entering into strategic alliance with other organizations. Jimmy Possum Furniture Company could learn these Spalding strategies very easily after evaluating the success of the organizations that have entered into this Spalding strategic planning. This would help Jimmy Possum Furniture Company to assess the internal and external factors in determined approach. For instance, if other organization in the same group mapping has entering into vertical or horizontal integration and increased its overall profit and turnover by 20% then it could give rough idea to Jimmy Possum Furniture Company regarding with the outcomes of Spalding in the Australia furniture industry. This has shown a positive level of strategic planning which could be implemented by Jimmy Possu m Furniture Company for the better and effective decision making process. However, Jimmy Possum Furniture Company has employed family members of directors of company to expand the business into market. In addition to this, customization in design, manufacturing, retail high quality furnitures are the core competency of company in Australian market (Wheelen and Hunger, 2017). Decision making Style and Margot Spalding as Decision Maker It is observed that there are several decisons making styles such as directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral. Each and every decision maker use different way to contemplate a decision and each style is different method of weighing alternatives and examine solutions. Margot is the key managerial persons who have entering into strategic planning for the betterment of Jimmy Possum Furniture Company. Margot has followed proper values, belief and sophisticated strategic planning to increase the overall sales and clients satisfactions. In addition to this, Margot has planned to increase its value chain activities by opening more retails stores so that company could connect directly with clients in market. Furthermore, the main strategic decision taken by Margot is related to hiring women experts to design and customized its furnitures and other wooden stocks as per the clients directions and need. This has shown that Margot has analyzed all the needs and demand of the market and o n the basis of same it has taken these decisions. It is further observed that Margot has hired women employees and to expand that business to customized its business (Smith, 2014). In addition to this, Spalding has describes its business more valued, clients oriented and providing creative and high quality stocks in determined approach. Now in the end, it could be inferred that Margot has taken effective decision and provided a good result to organization. She analyzed all the internal and external factors before taking business decision for Jimmy Possum Furniture Company. It is considered that opening new retail stores and new business ventures has increased the overall effectiveness of business ((Shepherd, and Rudd, 2014). Conclusion After evaluating all the facts and business conditions of Jimmy Possum Furniture Company, it is observed that if Margot has taken effective business decisions for Jimmy Possum Furniture Company for its success and development in future. However, due to the high growth in business, various new entrants are coming up with the different strategic plans quality of goods in the market to give tough competition to Jimmy Possum Furniture Company. Therefore, it could be inferred that Margot has put best efforts to increase the overall profit and turnover of company. References Aravopoulou, E. and Malone, C., 2016. An examination of the strategic decision-making when organisational changes are introduced.The Business Management Review,7(5), p.31. Elbanna, S., C. Thanos, I. and M. Papadakis, V., 2014. Understanding how the contextual variables influence political behaviour in strategic decision-making: a constructive replication.Journal of Strategy and Management,7(3), pp.226-250. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hunink, M.M., Weinstein, M.C., Wittenberg, E., Drummond, M.F., Pliskin, J.S., Wong, J.B. and Glasziou, P.P., 2014.Decision making in health and medicine: integrating evidence and values. Cambridge University Press. Prez, I.J., Cabrerizo, F.J., Alonso, S. and Herrera-Viedma, E., 2014. A new consensus model for group decision making problems with non-homogeneous experts.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems,44(4), pp.494-498. Shepherd, N.G. and Rudd, J.M., 2014. The influence of context on the strategic decision?making process: A review of the literature.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(3), pp.340-364. Smith, W.K., 2014. Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1592-1623. Smith, W.K., 2014. Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1592-1623. Taioli, E., Joseph, G.R., Robertson, L., Eckstein, S. and Ragin, C., 2014. Knowledge and prevention practices before breast cancer diagnosis in a cross-sectional study among survivors: Impact on PAtients Involvement in the decision making process.Journal of Cancer Education,29(1), pp.44-49. Trianni, A., Cagno, E. and Farn, S., 2016. Barriers, drivers and decision-making process for industrial energy efficiency: A broad study among manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises.Applied Energy,162, pp.1537-1551. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Systems Integration perspective on Path dependence and information economy

Path Dependence in systems engineering and integration According to Posner this concept of path dependence can be traced to the economist view. Based on this viewpoint it is thus believed that where we end up is often dictated by where we began despite the fact that this end point may not be the most suitable (Posner 156).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Integration perspective on Path dependence and information economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In relation to systems engineering the best know example of this concept is observed when we consider the typewriter keyboard. It has been reported that the main cause of the current design was to limit the speed of typing while preventing the jamming of keys (Posner 156). However it has been noted that the advent of electric typewriters and word processing effectively brought an end to jamming of keys while the user is still stuck with the old keyboard. Th e reasons for this can be attributed to costs of reaching an agreement with manufacturers on a new keyboard and the retraining of millions of people who have grown accustomed to the old keyboard (Posner 156). Based on these factors it can be assumed that path dependence will be maintained when costs are high in relation to benefits and the transition requires a significant degree of coordination (Posner 156). This is especially so because though there may be significant benefits associated with change, the overwhelming task and cost of bringing about behavior change in a large group may outweigh these perceived benefits. Based on the profound implications of this allegation path dependence has become a widely debated issue. It has been argued that due to path dependence consumers may be duped into purchasing inferior merchandise (Liebowitz and Margolis 228). It has thus become crucial that any myths or misconceptions into the role of path dependence be dispelled as the government ma y begin to intervene with a view to ‘saving’ consumers (Liebowitz and Margolis 228). Arguments regarding Path Dependence In light of the implications of path dependence it is crucial that we assess the arguments for and against this principle to avoid any further misunderstandings. The main examples cited by defendants of the path dependence theory are related to the typewriter keyboard and VHS vs. Beta video cassettes (Liebowitz and Margolis 229).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been mentioned that the QWERTY keyboard was designed to slow down typists and prevent the jamming of keys. During this era, typing competitions were popular and the QWERTY keyboard managed to gain prowess during this era due to its ability to prevent jamming of keys. Based on this position it is believed that computer users and typists today are stuck with this keyboard which was created to solve a problem which currently does not exist. The main reason that path dependence proponents are against the QWERTY keyboard is because it is believed a better keyboard was later developed but path dependence prohibited its adoption (Liebowitz and Margolis 229). In relation to the QWERTY keyboard these issues from the principle arguments against path dependence. As mentioned earlier it is crucial that such arguments be revisited to understand whether the impact of path dependence has in fact hampered adoption of better technology. In relation to this, it has been found that unlike what is popularly stated in relation to the QWERTY keyboard, it was not designed to slow down typists but to separate keys that were struck often (Liebowitz and Margolis 229). This has been confirmed by tests that have indicated that the keyboard is actually efficient for typing and ergonomically sound. In addition to the above point it has been noted that in the typing contests of the previ ous era, QWERTY was not always the winner (Liebowitz and Margolis 229). It has been determined that these contest results were published in several major newspapers. The widespread dissemination of contest information suggests that the users preferred the arrangement and were not locked in due to the contest results (Liebowitz and Margolis 229). Lastly, it has also been established that the Dvorak is not better than QWERTY.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Integration perspective on Path dependence and information economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This comes in light of information that indicates the study to show its superiority was not an official study and was carried out by the individual who designed the keyboard (Liebowitz and Margolis 1995, 230). Due to the implications of path dependence several issues have arisen in the recent past. One of the most popular cases that involves this principl e involved Microsoft and several rival executives (McCullagh 233). The main argument in this case was that Microsoft was using its huge monopoly in operating systems to illegally dominate other software such as browsers, spreadsheets, etc. The opponents argued that this was illegal exploitation of consumers due to the quality of some of the software offered. In the conclusion of this particular case it was found that there was no network effect and thus no crime by Microsoft. This comes about due to the fact that Microsoft was constantly producing higher quality products than other competitors. In addition to that when it did not have a superior product it was observed that Microsoft did not make attempts to impede progress of rival software (McCullagh 233). Based on this therefore the company could not be held responsible for any network effects. This is especially due to the fact that it has been observed that consumers do in fact switch en masse when a recognizably better product was available. In light of this position with regard to the Microsoft Antitrust suit and the QWERTY issue it is possible to conclude that the impact of path dependence on systems engineering and integration has not been significant. Discussion on Path Dependence In light of the magnitude of the implications of path dependence, some individuals have gone to great lengths to study the impact of path dependence. In doing so some of the points identified include the notion that there are essentially three types of path dependence (Magnusson and Ottoson 46).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the first instance or degree of path dependence it is reported that there exists an â€Å"element of persistence or durability in relation to decision making† (Magnusson and Ottoson 46). This suggests that the decisions are not based on any implied efficiency but are merely the result of past practices. This influence has to have been seen to have persisted even where participants properly predicted market prices and conditions upon reaching the decision. On the other hand second degree path dependence has been stated to be a situation where there is imperfect foresight in decision making (Magnusson and Ottoson 46). Based on this flaw prior efficiency decisions turn out to be inefficient. In this scenario the decisions made are regrettable and very costly to change; yet again no efficiency judgments are drawn. Third degree path dependency occurs where the strongest efficiency claims lay. In this case there are possible remedial inefficiencies that remain uncorrected (Magnu sson and Ottoson 46). In this type of dependence there are intertemporal relationships which are responsible for durable and negative consequences for the economy. It is based on this position that opponents of path dependency such as Liebowitz and Margolis challenge the possibility of such conditions on both theoretical and empirical grounds (Magnusson and Ottoson 46). This argument does not ignore the fact that despite the efficiency effects from past policies and decisions have the capability of making significant changes in relation to distributional implications. This is because regardless of efficiency implications, part of transaction costs arises from the adjustment to a new path (Magnusson and Ottoson 46). In response to the arguments in favor of path dependence some opponents have argued that the impact is unlikely to significant given the role of entrepreneurs (Garud and Karnoe 2). These people generally believe that entrepreneurs navigate a flow of events even as they co nstitute these events. This position suggests that entrepreneurs are not passive observers in a stream of events but instead are knowledgeable agents within the stream of events. Due to their knowledge entrepreneurs can thus act and reflect in other ways than what is expected based on existing social rules (Garud and Karnoe 2). These people suggest that entrepreneurs are constantly trying to make efforts to shape paths in real time. This is achieved by setting processes in motion that are capable of actively shaping emerging social practices and artifacts (Garud and Karnoe 2). Some of these actions are capable of resulting in a new technology field and it is believed that it is only in such cases that path dependence may have a persistent effect (Garud and Karnoe 2). In light of this it has been reported that entrepreneurs commonly practice using exploration and experimentation to identify potential solutions. Whereas the initial experimentation is likely to carry some minor errors that will later be identified, it is uncommon for future technology to inherit these mistakes (Garud and Karnoe 2). This arises from entrepreneurial nature which leads to the creation of new technology. This nature requires that entrepreneurs embrace the logic of mindful deviation and as such are unlikely to be influenced by prior decisions in their actions (Garud and Karnoe 2). Conclusion In this report the discussion has focused on presenting the position of path dependence in relation to systems engineering. It has been observed that path dependence is originally an economist’s perception in relation to change. The proponents of the argument cite examples such as the QWERTY keyboard that has persisted through generations of computers despite the existence of substitutes. Opponents on the other hand have performed tests to indicate that such persistence can be traced to efficiency rather than dependence. In light of the facts presented it would appear that the opponents hav e a stronger case and path dependence is unlikely to result in poor decision making. This is supported by evidence that indicates that the process of entrepreneurship tends strongly towards the deviation from norms and as such is unlikely to simply inherit decisions. This is further supported by the explorative and experimental nature of entrepreneurship. Works Cited Garud, Raghu and Peter Karnoe. Path Dependence and Creation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., Publishers. 2001. Print. Liebowitz, Stan J. and Stephen E. Margolis. â€Å"Path dependence, Lock in, and History.† Journal of Law, Economics, Organization. 11.1 (1995): 205-226. Liebowitz, Stan and Stephen E. Margolis 1995. â€Å"Policy and Path Dependence†. Web. Magnusson, Lars and Jan Ottoson. The Evolution of Path Dependence. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. 2009. Print. McCullagh, Declan 1999. Book Pulls MS off the Hook. Web. Posner, Richard A. Frontiers of Legal Theory. Printed in the USA: Harvard University Press, 2004. Print. 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